The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market plus back-door selection and even corruption, School market supporters argue the case for the defence. << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Prev 18 0 R A science class at Lilian Baylis school, which is rated outstanding. /Font << endobj >> Several interviewees described a situation in which the government is attempting to oversee thousands of academies, through a muddle of local authorities, school chains, regional commissioners and the Education Funding Agency, as the wild west. /TT2 226 0 R 26 0 obj >> >> /TT0 120 0 R >> >> /ExtGState << Barely 10% of its pupils achieved five good GCSEs and attendance was chronically low. /Font << 40 0 obj >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 0000035224 00000 n /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << Focusing on exam results and league table position causes stress for pupils as more pressure is put on them to perform well in SATS. /Rotate 0 /TT1 226 0 R schools increasingly teach to the test In order to look good in league tables which may stifle childrens ability to think critically and laterally. Students who go to sink schools stand little hope of doing well. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 121 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) /TT1 226 0 R The Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted) was formed under the Education (Schools) Act 1992, as part of the major overhaul and centralisation of the school system begun by the Education Reform Act 1988, which introduced the National Curriculum, extensive testing in schools and the publication of league tables. Thirty years ago, a single piece of legislation transformed the schools landscape, launching a national curriculum and key-stage testing, and devolving power from local authorities to heads. /StructParents 8 56 0 obj /Contents 234 0 R /ExtGState << >> endobj 83 0 obj /ExtGState << /ExtGState << /StructParents 29 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /First 18 0 R 90 0 obj <>stream 88 0 obj /First 113 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 130 0 R /StructParents 79 /Parent 12 0 R >> /Parent 17 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Alternative types of schooling in the UK Faith schools Independent Special schools Home schooling Task: Give a definition for each types of school and give at least three advantages and disadvantages. /Resources << The law has three basic objectives: Make more individuals eligible for affordable health insurance. >> Extend Medicaid coverage to include all people . /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page education, discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like environments as opposed to various nonformal and informal means of socialization (e.g., rural development projects and education through parent-child relationships). /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 11 0 R /ExtGState << << /TT1 226 0 R /LastModified (D:20040616154335) /Type /Page Three decades later, the tools of that market performance measures and inspection reports are a fact of life. << /Type /Page >> >> >> /Names [ 309 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << endobj However, state-governed evaluations may soon come to an end. /Type /Page /TT3 121 0 R The New Right refers to a set of ideas that emerged in the 1970s. /TT2 226 0 R >> /ExtGState << 5 0 obj Freedom of choice. /Font << /Rotate 0 >> Popular schools havent expanded to accommodate all comers, as pure market advocates predicted, and failing schools have proved hard to close down. endobj - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards, - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING), - Inequality widens between better performing schools in middle class areas and working class areas. >> /Resources << endobj << /RBGroups [] /Parent 9 0 R /Parent 10 0 R >> Security Through Biometric Authentication: One . /StructParents 21 100 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R /F4 123 0 R /StructParents 1 >> /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act - conservative, Advantages of 1944 Education Act, Disadvantages of 1944 Education Act and more. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /GS0 125 0 R >> /Font << NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> >> >> /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << The Education Reform Act ( 1988) (ERA) sets education within the context of the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils and of society. << >> >> /ExtGState << /TT2 121 0 R /Font << /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 13 0 R >> The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. >> /TT1 121 0 R /Font << >> 78 0 obj << /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /StructParents 80 /Font << /Order [] /Properties << >> Go compare-style websites ranking local schools are taken for granted. /F3 122 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 3 0 obj >> /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /Properties << /Rotate 0 /Parent 17 0 R /Type /Page 19 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R /LastModified (D:20040616154335) endobj /GS0 125 0 R /PieceInfo << >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R 0000032161 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page /Parent 14 0 R /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R The better performing schools will attract more pupils and more funding and be able to expand. /Font << Appointed President of the Board of Education in 1941, Richard 'Rab' Butler passed an Education Act in 1944, promising 'Secondary Education for All'. /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R Today it is outstanding on every count, oversubscribed and achieving impressive results with a diverse intake. 108 0 obj /Parent 13 0 R /Title /TT1 121 0 R >> /Contents 299 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /TT3 159 0 R >> 0000010001 00000 n /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 59 endobj /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 236 0 R /Font << /TT1 226 0 R /Font << >> /Resources << endobj Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? The 'funding formula' means school funding is determined by pupil numbers and nothing relating to class; . >> /GS0 125 0 R endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT2 121 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /TT1 121 0 R Inequality of Education Opportunity increases the best schools get better and the worst get worse. The unease Phillips voices about the market reforms came through interviews with many of the key players in recent education reform. Hi Karl, thanks for this really useful. 82 0 obj << >> /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Resources << Created by: jocastle; Created on: 06-05-16 12:51; Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. /Contents 244 0 R endobj /MC0 129 0 R But that would require great political leadership now, says Gary Phillips. These semi-structured interviews were carried out by using open-ended questions and afterwards transcribed and analysed by using classifying and themes. /Parent 12 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 293 0 R endobj /MC0 129 0 R >> /Type /Page >> 1 0 obj This is achieved through making schools compete with one another for pupils and government funding, in the same way in which businesses compete with each other for customers, sales and profits. 112 0 obj /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Ball, Bowe & Gerwitz investigated to see what impact the policies were having. >> /StructParents 36 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Dest [24 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] << /Font << >> >> /TT3 159 0 R /MC0 129 0 R OFSTED reports are published and underachieving school are shut if they consistently receive bad reports. << << /Properties << . Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. >> /TT2 226 0 R >> /Resources << 12 0 obj >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] However, an important point to keep in mind is that correlation doesnt necessarily mean causation GCSE results may have improved over the last 30 years WITHOUT marketisation policies. >> One recent 2018 survey of primary school teachers found that more than 90% of primary school teachers think SATS impact negatively on their pupils well-being. /TT1 121 0 R /Count 10 /TT0 120 0 R >> << /Resources << /Properties << Those who passed the 11+ could go to grammar schools and the rest would settle on secondary moderns. 0000033023 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /StructParents 71 /Font << /Rotate 0 /TT1 226 0 R /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 13 0 R % /StructParents 34 Especially beneficial for kids from poor families. /Properties << << %PDF-1.4 The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences Tuomo Ruotanen /ExtGState << /Parent 2 0 R /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Thirty years on we may be ready for another all-encompassing Education Reform Act. >> /Count 2 /ModDate (D:20040618121405+03'00') /Next 112 0 R /StructParents 81 /ExtGState << << /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> << Benefits of Education are Societal and Personal. /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 61 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /MC0 129 0 R >> /Parent 11 0 R >> The tables are published in many newspapers and online. 0000005855 00000 n /Properties << It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to . >> endobj << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << >> /Properties << /TT1 226 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 52 /TT0 120 0 R endobj >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 17 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 4 0 obj H[F)NR/RgaUZU-eI|a c;93mo2w7D!E7>yO0OO8^i0&20*)D1$(Q6AK:;ZX#O85c(DgvXNh, The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences. << /Type /Page >> << /Length 3936 Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. /Rotate 0 /Resources << /Properties << /Resources << /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R << /Resources << /Type /Pages School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. /TT1 226 0 R endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The antics at the Durand Academy, relieved of its funding agreement by the Department for Education, have been well documented and watched closely by neighbouring schools such as like LIlian Baylis. /Parent 16 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] For instance, public policy decisions can be made by looking at decreasing state-administered tests in public schools if deficiencies in a particular subject are patent. /Rotate 0 << /Type /Page 14 0 obj An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility (they are against the welfare state). 0000006904 00000 n /TT2 121 0 R << /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] /Resources << << << The Education Act 1998 defines educational disadvantage as "the impediments to education arising from social or economic disadvantage which prevent students from deriving appropriate benefit from education in schools". >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] B 'Bad' schools would lose . /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 15 /Resources << /ExtGState << /Font << /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << It would be premature to make judgements about the advantages and disadvantages of introducing neoliberal practices into education without giving serious consideration to the perceived benefits of this approach. /Font << /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Count 90 /Pages 2 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R] /Resources << >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R trailer /GS0 125 0 R As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. /TT1 121 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] If the states in the U.S. are in charge of setting their own standards of education, then it creates a system where every territory, district, and legislature could set their own expectations for curriculum development. >> /StructParents 37 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << /Contents 247 0 R /Properties << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 46 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R << /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R We have tripled the number of young people coming out of university with degrees but we havent increased substantially the number who are prepared to become teachers, says Gary Phillips. endobj /Resources << /Properties << /Resources << /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 << /Parent 9 0 R << /Rotate 0 endobj /Resources << /Contents 225 0 R /Contents 220 0 R By Cyril John Barlongo. /StructTreeRoot null /Im1 126 0 R The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. >> /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R >> /TT1 159 0 R Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. 2. /Properties << Hi do you have the name of the textbook this information was from as I need to reference for my assignmentthanks . /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) Grant-maintained status was created by the Education Reform Act 1988, as part of the programme of the Conservative government to create greater diversity in educational provision and to weaken the influence of local education authorities.. GM schools would be owned and managed by their own boards of school governors, rather than the local authority. /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << >> /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R 109 0 obj << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT1 121 0 R >> 74 0 obj The education reform movement as we have known it is over. >> /ExtGState << /Type /Page /Parent 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /Font << /Contents 290 0 R /TT3 121 0 R /Properties << 51 0 obj endobj /TT0 120 0 R The government stipulated some criteria (children with siblings already at the school got preference for example, and those closest to the school also got preference) but eventually the government allowed some schools to become specialist schools where they were allowed to select 10% of their intake due to aptitude in a particular subject maths, music or sport for example. >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Contents 272 0 R 43 0 obj >> >> Education Reform Act 1988 Learning Objectives: To understand the main changes that occurred in 1988 29. 48 0 obj /Font << /Properties << >> The Middle Classes have more effective choice because of their higher incomes, The Middle classes have more effective choice because of their greater cultural and social capital, Schools become more selective they are more likely to want pupils who are likely to do well. /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 3 /MC0 129 0 R 67 0 obj << Marketisation is used to refer to a trend in education policy from the 1980s where schools were encouraged to compete against each other and act more like private businesses rather than institutions under the control of local government. 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