A powerful governor clashes with the University of Texas at Austin. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. 1. so that gubernatorial elections will not be influenced by a presidential election 2. so that candidates cannot run for governor and a federal office at the same time 3. so that voters will not become overwhelmed by too many candidates in one year 4. because Texas happened to become part of the US during an off-year James Edward Ferguson: James E. Ferguson Born Bell County, Texas August 31, 1871 Died Austin, Texas September 21, 1944 Governor of the State of Texas . Has Austin Eliminated All Restrictions On People Experiencing Homelessness? In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly contested race. Pat Neff. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. In 1930 he conducted the unsuccessful campaign of his wife for the governorship, and in 1932 he conducted her successful campaign for the same office. Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. A part of his appeal as a candidate for governor was his support for white supremacy in the political process. [8], Prior to his inauguration, Ferguson conferred with officials at the University of Texas regarding appointments affecting learning and higher education. James Ferguson was a banker from Temple who would become governor in 1914 - famous, or infamous, as the only Texas governor to face impeachment. we are currently accepting new members. A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin | Contact us, A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, Despite High-Profile Endorsements, Democrat Eliz Markowitz Loses Houston-Area Special Election. 4. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. Democratic nominee James M. Cox won in Texas, where the white majority was voting solidly Democratic. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas History, the impeachment of Gov. In 1913, William Sulzer was impeached and removed from office as governor of New York. Soon after, the alumni group began taking out ads in newspapers calling for the governors impeachment. Winds light and variable.. In his eyes, the university was made up of corruptionists, draft dodgers, two-bit thieves and butterfly chasers, according to a historical account compiled by what is now the Texas Exes. Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still popular among his hardcore supporters and rallied back. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). [8] Hall, as an individual citizen, filed FOIA requests with the University system after his inquiries via his role as a Regent were rebuffed. Ferguson was indicted on charges including embezzlement while Carillo spent three years in jail following his impeachment. Ferguson declared that the legislature constituted little more than a "kangaroo court," but only a few This is why I so often say, Im W. F. Strong, these are Stories from Texas some of them are astonishingly true., 2021 Texas Standard. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. months before, both the House and the Senate had refused to sustain charges against him, and his removal from office was far from certain when the legislature convened in special session. "Ferguson Impeachment Democrat James "Pa" Ferguson Jr. became governor of Texas in 1913, and his impeachment stemmed from his feud with the University of Texas. He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. There were . State executives | Heres where Ferguson made his first greatest legal blunder. The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. Some have said Hall is being targeted for uncovering evidence of political favoritism with respect to admissions processes.[6]. Jordan, Barbara Charline 2020 Census Making An Invisible Population Visible, Lyceum Poll Finds Bernie Sanders Most Likely Democrat To Beat Trump In Texas, One Texans Journey to Understanding His Identity as a Queer Muslim, In West Texas, Knowing Your Address Can Be The Difference Between Life And Death. He was by this time an old man. Mrs. Ferguson served as the first lady of Texas during the gubernatorial terms of her husband (1915-17), who was impeached during his second administration. After 20 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor, Lt. "[3] In general, impeachments are a rare occurrence. The Senate, acting as a court of impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and convicted the governor of 10 of them. Interns wanted: Get paid to help ensure that every voter has unbiased election information. 1914 campaign literature in which Ferguson fires back against criticisms from his 'dry' opponent, Thomas H. Ball, and others in the prohibition faction. (b. The colleges were permitted to begin building programs, and the educational appropriation bills were more generous than usual. I dont care who you are.. And here, Ferguson made his second blunder. The Legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. The letter claimed that Winkler was the best person for the job. Of course, her husband was the only one the amnesty applied to. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. However, the date of retrieval is often important. ." [7], In 1914, Ferguson was elected as governor of Texas by running as an anti-prohibitionist Democrat. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. The Arizona House and Senate impeached Mecham, a Republican, in 1988 after a state grand jury convicted him on six felony charges of fraud, perjury and filing false documents. The Regents refused. You have permission to edit this article. He had attempted to stack the board of regents with friends who would help fire these professors and staffers, and he had called for the resignation of the universitys president, Robert Vinson. Yet the House rejected a broad attempt to impeach Johnson for abuse of power in 1867, because many congressmen felt a president had to commit a crime to be impeached. The 1920 presidential election was won by Republican candidate Warren Harding. Ferguson won the nomination by a majority of about 40,000 votes. 100% remote. The Board of Regents hired the firm to review whether Hall may have violated any federal privacy laws in his handling of student information. | Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. He was re-elected in 1916. He is the author, coauthor, or editor of more than two dozen books, most recently Anti-Black Violence in Twentieth-Century Texas. Preliminary investigations failed to uncover any charge that would merit impeachment, and for a time the incident seemed closed. At 16, he left home and drifted through the states of the American West, working successively in a vineyard, a mine, a barbed wire factory, and at a grain ranch. Bruce A. Glasrud is professor emeritus of history at California State University, East Bay, and retired dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at Sul Ross State University. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. Prohibition was a major issue in the campaign of 1914, with several aspirants for the governorship on both sides of the question. James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. KVUE is looking back at the history of some past Texas governors. The Legislature is aghast at the meddling with the flagship state university. U.S. Congress | James Edward (Pa) Ferguson (1871-1944), Texas governor, son of James Edward and Fannie (Fitzpatrick) Ferguson, was born on August 31, 1871, near Salado, Bell County, Texas. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. The campaign proved him to be a man of considerable native ability and the possessor of a captivating personality. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. State legislators created a select committee to launch an investigation into possibly impeaching Wallace Hall, an appointed member of the University of Texas System Board of Regents. General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin, Liberal Arts Instructional Technology Services. Animals talk; all you have to do is listen. For Trey and Carol South, love of animals feeds their souls, and clients are assured their pets . The Texas Senate reduced the charges to 10, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. [4], In Texas, two officials have been successfully impeached -- Governor James Ferguson in 1917 and Judge O.P. Among the charges was falsifying campaign finance reports to conceal a loan to his campaign of $350,000. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. In 1922 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate. He had been an opponent of Ferguson for the Democratic party's nomination for governor in 1914.[11]. he was accused of misuse of public funds following his call for a special legislative session When a governor is removed from office, resigns, or dies or becomes incapacitated while in office, who becomes governor? He moved to Temple and in 1907 joined with others in establishing the Temple State Bank. Dictionaries thesauruses pictures and press releases. The accusations, apparently true, were typical of the corruption, graft, and manipulations of American public life. Donations by CCWH members and other patrons support CCWH awards and initiatives. [5], In 2013, the Texas State Legislature began an impeachment trial for Regent Wallace Hall. He resigned his office the day before the judgment was announced and contended that it did not apply to him. James Edward Ferguson Jr. (August 31, 1871 - September 21, 1944), known as Pa Ferguson, was an American Democratic politician and the 26th Governor of Texas, in office from 1915 to 1917. He showed up most every day to his own trial, invited or not, with two armed Texas Rangers as escorts. Hall updated Governor Rick Perry's office in April 2013 with the full list. Even his former political allies couldnt find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence and his own indefensible behavior. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he Mr. Ferguson, known as "Pa", ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court.. In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly-contested race. He was impeached in 1917 and removed from office. Henry S. Johnston of Oklahoma And once again, there is talk of impeachment in the Legislature. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. Five of the articles sustained by the Senate charged Ferguson with the misapplication of public funds, three related to his quarrel with the University, one declared that he had failed properly to respect and enforce the banking laws of the state, and one charged that he had received $156,500 in currency from a source that he refused to reveal. He served 15 months as governor. The veto was retaliation against the university because of its refusal to dismiss certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable, including William Harding Mayes, former Texas Lieutenant Governor and founder and dean of the University of Texas School of Journalism. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. He submitted his resignation the day before he was scheduled to be formally convicted. Ferguson also ran for President of the United States in the 1920 election as the candidate of the American Party. . He ended up back in the Governors Mansion for a third time when she became the first woman governor in Texas history. Ferguson was born to the Reverend James E. Ferguson, and Fannie Ferguson near Salado in south Bell County, Texas. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Fergusons political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, womens enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. Ferguson was on the ballot only in Texas, where he received 47,968 votes (9.9 percent of the vote in Texas, 0.2 percent of the vote nationwide). Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker, Political favoritism in admissions to the University of Texas, Forgivable loans program at the University of Texas Law School, House Select Committee on Transparency in State Agency Operations (TSAO), Joint Committee on Oversight of Higher Ed Governance, Excellence & Transparency, University of Texas System Board of Regents, 1987 Memorandum within the Texas Legislative Council regarding removal of state officers by the state legislature, Analysis of Constitutional Impeachment Procedures in Texas, Texas House Bill 588, the "Top 10% Rule" (1997), https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Impeachments_in_Texas&oldid=8020920, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. This call was of doubtful legality, but Ferguson removed all question by calling the legislature to meet for the purpose of making appropriations for the University of Texas. Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. Please subscribe to keep reading. StrongJanuary 29, 202010:48 amArts & Culture, Stories From Texas, Bain News Service /Wikimedia Commons [Public domain]. Ferguson was convinced that Vinson was behind the protest. Ferguson, had a stormy two-term reign and was impeached in 1917 over charges of misappropriation of funds regarding the University of Texas as well as embezzlement. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed By Ken Bridges Jan 30, 2020 0 1 of 2 Gov. The legality of the speaker calling a session was questionable the Texas Constitution says only the governor can call a special session but the point became moot when Ferguson called his own special session to discuss the budget for the University of Texas. State legislature | In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. The first and only Texas governor to be impeached is Governor James "Pa" Ferguson. Sam Houston Carillo in 1975. Centex baseball preview: What's old, new, borrowed and blue for 2023? Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. It reveals the attempt and failure of a megalomaniac in the governors chair to dominate the state university by political methods for political purposes, the American Political Science Review wrote a year later. Connally, John Bowden, Jr. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U.S. Senate by a wide margin. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. At age 12 he entered Salado College (a preparatory school) but was eventually expelled for disobedience. After all, he was known as Farmer Jim. In 1917, Gov. This led to a special session being called by the Legislature, to press for Fergusons impeachment. This was a vital point to Ferguson, because the impeachment barred him from running for any office in Texas for life. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. In 1917, James Ferguson was impeached and removed from office as governor of Texas while under indictment. The ruling declared that he could no longer hold office in Texas, but he ran the campaigns of his wife, Miriam "Ma" Ferguson. By W.F. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. James Edward Ferguson Collection, Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. As historian Cortez Ewing pointed out, Ferguson was the voice of the people, and with his sixth-grade education, he promoted the idea that he had not suffered the damages of higher degrees. [17] Governor of Texas Rick Perry's spokesperson said the investigations send a "chilling message" to gubernatorial appointees. The Texas House of Representatives prepared 21 charges against Ferguson, and, in his impeachment trial, the Texas Senate convicted him on 10 of those charges, including misapplication of public funds and receiving $156,000 from an unnamed source.[12][13]. Both elected and non-elected officials can be impeached in Texas. Impeachment is the power of a legislative body to address charges of impropriety or criminality by a government official, such as a governor or lieutenant governor. He left home at sixteen and wandered for two years through the states of the Far West, where he lived by accepting any employment offered. (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). [2], Impeachments have historically been reserved for cases in which a public official committed a criminal act. Dictionary of American History. He is interred next to his wife at the Texas State Cemetery in Austin. The charges were then sent to the state Senate for trial. He loaned himself so much money that he practically bankrupted his own bank. After he was appointed in 2011, Hall began looking into what he believed to be clout scandals within the University of Texas system. Impeached. A reiteration and compilation of documents created in the House impeachment proceedings. The legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. Norman Kittrell, Governors Who Have Been and Other Public Men of Texas (Houston: Dealy-Adey-Elgin, 1921). First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Thats how she likes it. As a result it was impossible for the convention to eliminate him and obviously unwise to divide the vote by naming a rival candidate. The landholdings of the prison system were greatly increased, and because of the rising price of farm commodities, the system became self-sustaining; during the years of war prosperity, it showed a profit. The most discussed plank in his platform, which appealed especially to tenant farmers, proposed a law that would limit the rent charged by landlords and prevent the collection of bonuses. But Ferguson ran for governor in the 1918 Democratic primary. In 1917, Gov. Soon the talk of impeachment is echoing through the halls of the Capitol. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, but according to Ferguson technically impeached, after he resigned office. He convened the commission, and the body approved that Barker write a letter to the Governor-elect. The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. Join us! Ferguson declared that the Legislature was nothing more than a kangaroo court," resigned a day before the official conviction, and was steadfast in his beliefs that the judgment didnt apply to him, according to Rutherford. The Texas Senate, many of whom had served under William Harding Mayes and with whom Mayes maintained cordial relationships,[14] removed Ferguson as governor and declared him ineligible to hold office under Texas jurisdiction. Title 6, Chapter 665 of the Texas Government Code addresses the impeachment and removal of public officers by the state house. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, forced to resign and barred from holding further Texas office.[1][2][3][4]. As a political speaker he had few equals. [18] He added that the investigation was "extraordinary political theater. Basically, he wanted five professors fired, for the unstated reason that they had spoken out publicly against his candidacy for governor. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. After returning to Bell County, he farmed and worked with a railroad-bridge gang until, after a brief study of law, he was admitted to the bar in 1897 and began the practice of law in Belton. Vinson asked what they had done to deserve it and he said, I dont need a reason, Im the governor.. And she won. . Proclamation signed by a majority of the members of the House. Which Way Will Harris County Precinct 3 Turn In 2020? Sam Houston was the first president of the Independent Republic of Texas , and he later served as governor of the state of T, Connally, John Bowden, Jr. In 1928, for the first time since 1914, Ferguson was not an active participant in a political campaign, but even then he took some interest in the race for the governorship and gave his support to Louis J. Wardlaw. However, the judgment to impeachhanded down one day after his resignation-was upheld, preventing him from holding public office in Texas. Amplify your impact and donate now. The most that the select committee can do would be to recommend to the full state house that articles of impeachment be drafted. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Gould, Lewis L. "The University Becomes Politicized: The War with Jim Ferguson." by Nicole Shealy Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; What's on my ballot? He often said, civilization begins and ends with the plow. Ferguson was a mesmerizing speaker and storyteller and was splendidly fluent in the dialects of rural Texas. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud have brought together top scholars to shine a light on this unique chapter in Texas history. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. 27 February 1917 in Floresville, Texas; d. 15 June 1993 in Houston, Texas), governor of Tex, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. Aside from the act instituting the highway department, the second Ferguson administration was marked by little in the way of important legislation. James E. Ferguson Called on Tejanos to rise up/support the revolution; Called on other minorities to join Tejanos to carve out a republic from land US took from Mexico US Pancho Villa Mexican guerilla leader led an attack on Columbus NM (Mar. There were two major elements of the impeachment charges brought against Ferguson in 1917. This independence made him critical of existing policies, earning him sufficient popular support to win office, but also the consequent wrath of the establishment that could have protected him from investigation. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. Lewis L. Gould, Progressives and Prohibitionists: Texas Democrats in the Wilson Era (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973; rpt., Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1992). Reprinted with permission from the Handbook of Texas Online, a joint project of the Texas State Historical Association and the General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin. In 1917, Gov. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud, eds. The UT battle was the one he should have avoided. In sum, his down-home authenticity faded away to reveal a man who was mostly a fraud. He vilified everything from fraternities to the faculty to the student body. He said the governor served the people, but he used the power of the office to reward his friends and crush not just his political enemies, but good servants of the state whose only offense was not voting for him. Provision was made for the establishment of the Austin State School. Gulf of Mexico warming at faster rate than global ocean, study finds, As Texas STAAR test goes fully online, teachers feel defeated, Texas Education Agency projects confidence, Texas Standard for Feb. 23, 2023: Why many cotton farmers arent planting as much this year. The United States Constitution provides that the President of the United States shall only be removed from office upon "Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. Its president is in the crosshairs. Before his impeachment, Texas students paraded from the campus to the Capitol and held a protest rally, complete with the university band, right outside Fergusons office while he met with the regents. It proved his undoing. In addition, he established Farmers State Bank. During Ferguson's first term, the legislature passed several measures of major importance. He maintained his. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. Committee member Dan Flynn said he was not surprised by the findings and was pleased the university counsel reached a conclusion.[21][22][23][24]. Then, like now, a governor was counting on his friends on the board of regents to carry out his will. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Norman D. Brown, Hood, Bonnet, and Little Brown Jug: Texas Politics, 1921-1928 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1984). She was reelected in 1932 and served January 17, 1933 January 15, 1935. Some legislators justified the impeachment on the grounds that Hall did not disclose several lawsuits that he was involved in when he originally completed his Regent background check. An effort was begun in 2013 to investigate the possibility of impeaching University of Texas Regent Wallace Hall. Its our 10th year participating in Amplify, and to celebrate, weve got $15,000 in matching funds from four generous Tribune supporters. It was, in his mind, absolute. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. The Texas Supreme Court disagreed, so he had his wife run in his place. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky is the Distinguished Professor of Digital Humanities and History at Texas A&M UniversityCommerce. Seven of the charges related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement, and one to the diversion of a special fund. January 1996 in Austin, Texas), first black southern woman in the United States Congress. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. The fight with the university touched off a massive scandal. The prohibitionists passed over their better-known leaders and gave their support to Charles H. Morris of Winnsboro, a political unknown. [20], A January 2014 review by the law firm Hilder & Associates concluded that there was "no credible evidence of a violation of [the state government code] that would warrant a referral for criminal prosecution." Ferguson cleverly resigned, claiming then that the Senate couldnt uphold an impeachment for someone who wasnt actually in office. The House sent 21 articles of impeachment to the Senate. Uncover any charge that would merit impeachment, spent three years in jail his! Elected as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly contested race H.. The Capitol format page numbers and retrieval dates being targeted for uncovering evidence of political favoritism with respect to processes! 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Election was won by Republican candidate Warren Harding Texas Supreme court disagreed, so he had his was! Select committee can do would be to recommend to the Senate and removed from the brazen to faculty. Sum, his first greatest legal blunder States in the United States Senate Democratic party 's nomination for the on. Have page numbers returned to farm in Bell County in 1871 of some past Texas governors several aspirants for establishment! For re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power who actually... Was known as Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County, Texas unique Chapter in Texas History,. Candidate in a tightly contested race 2 ], in 2013 to investigate the possibility of impeaching University Texas! Republican candidate Warren Harding of this writing, three presidents have been impeached by the Legislature farm Bell... Echoing through the halls of the members of the United States Congress a man of considerable native and! A light on this unique Chapter in Texas to investigate the possibility of impeaching University of Rick... } /month + tax ) conceal a loan to his campaign of 1914, Ferguson was indicted on charges embezzlement...