Disabling or blocking certain cookies may limit the functionality of this site. part of a class C network (some ISPs assign addresses in blocks of 5, 10 or We can connect one NIC to local network A and assign the IP address 10.0.0.5 with subnet mask 255.255.255.0, and we can connect the second NIC to local network B and assign the IP address 10.0.1.5 with subnet mask 255.255.255.. private addresses is 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255. An internet protocol (IP) address is a unique series of numbers that's assigned to all of your devices when they connect to the internet. This address may be used, for example, by hosts that do not know their network number and are asking some server for it. addresses. This article puts together an IP addressing scheme based on the requirements of an imaginary organization. I recommend this as your primary study source to learn all the topics on the exam. We are dividing networks into subnets and then subnets contain hosts. If it is L-2 then each network device will need "1" IP address. The only time a, @barlop A smaller-than-/24 is the common globally-routable assignment for leaf sites these days. assign your computers private IP addresses from the 192.168.. to 192.168.255.255 range. OpenVPN server's IP address when using VPN vs. LAN. To ensure scalability of your IP addressing plan, purchase She is co-author, with her husband, Dr. Thomas Shinder, of Troubleshooting Windows 2000 TCP/IP and the best-selling Configuring ISA Server 2000, ISA Server and Beyond and Configuring ISA Server 2004. warren central student killed 2022. addresses, and as your business grows, youre likely to need more of them. This site uses cookies and similar technologies to personalize content, measure traffic patterns, control security, track use and access of information on this site, and provide interest-based messages and advertising. In doing so, we will describe the use of subnet masks, and how they are used by insistence and by routers. servers on your network or in a DMZ (perimeter network thats separated from Weve all heard that the world is running out of IPv4 These binary bits can be further divided into network portion and host portion with the help of a subnet mask. The next thing to Figure out is whether the number of the addresses allocated by the ISP is enough to meet the requirements of the organization. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. With that in mind we will reach a new subnet mask. They have the largest question bank, with adaptive tests and advanced reporting which tells you exactly when you are ready to pass the real exam. So when subnetting the network, we need to make sure of several things. Variable length addressing is also called Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR). I know at one point my brother had setup our network to use 10.0.0.x - but when I used a traceroute program it would say that all of our packets were going to Brazil or something. Its prefix length is 128 which is the number of bits in the address. A client device (or DHCP client), such as a laptop, joins a network and requests an IP address. TCP and IP work closely together, which is why they're usually referenced like "TCP/IP.". Its goal was to slow the growth of routing tables on routers across the Internet, and to help slow the rapid exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. ip address scheme for small network. protocol. Given the network IP address 60.15.20.200 and the subnet mask of 255.255.255.240, you would AND the binary numbers for those addresses together with the following results: 00111100.00001111.00010100.11001000 AND 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000 = 00111100.00001111.00010100.11000000 = 60.15.20.192 But the more subnets we will have, how many subnets and how many hosts, it depends on the number of bits we borrow; it will also be a factor of powers of 2. They will receive packets in understanding that they are responsible for forwarding them to the intended destination. TechRepublic Premium content helps you solve your toughest IT issues and jump-start your career or next project. The diagram should give an overview of your network. Stay up to date on the latest in technology with Daily Tech Insider. It will be our job to make it a decimal value and represent it in dotted decimal notation. Let us see all these types of IP address in detail. Broadcast IP Addressing - Proposed Standards. As the subnet address is the lowest number in the range, it is 172.16.1.0; as the broadcast address is the highest address in the range, it is 172.16.1.63, leaving the addresses from 172.16.1.1 through 172.16.1.62 as usable. The Supplemental privacy statement for California residents explains Pearson's commitment to comply with California law and applies to personal information of California residents collected in connection with this site and the Services. That range is assigned to a company called Xerox. Organize a number of different applicants using an ATS to cut down on the amount of unnecessary time spent finding the right candidate. is a subnetting method that allows you to subnet the But you are free to change the subnet, since you have two numbers that are really "yours", so you can use 192.168.44.0/24 or any other number for the second octet. The subnet and broadcast address must be found and reserved. Correct. For example, a router that connects a group of branch offices to the head office could summarize all of the subnets used by those branch offices into a . Ackermann Function without Recursion or Stack. Using real-life examples we will describe the process of calculating sudden host addresses. Deb is also a tech editor, developmental editor and contributor to over twenty additional books on subjects such as the Windows 2000 and Windows 2003 MCSE exams, CompTIA Security+ exam and TruSecure?s ICSA certification. address to your connection, youll need to have them assign you a set of static Basics of IP Addresses in Computer Networking | by Syed Sadat Nazrul | Medium 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end. Note: the "private networks" above refers to private, @barlop the point is that your statement above is misleading. An entire range of IP addresses that you can split up into a smaller ranger (the act of splitting it up is called subnetting) if you want. Looking for the best payroll software for your small business? Generally, users may not opt-out of these communications, though they can deactivate their account information. This is a hierarchy that is similar to our telephone numbering system; we have country codes and then city codes and then telephone numbers. The router then will use the mask information to match that destination subnet to the entries in the routing table, and again the entries in the routing table are /24s and so it will compare those 3 bytes with the destination IP and it will find that there is an entry that matches the destination. Well that is nothing more than 255.0.0.0 in decimal notation. NAT support 5. anticipated. This workbook is in Excel 2000 format and includes five worksheets. We use this information to complete transactions, fulfill orders, communicate with individuals placing orders or visiting the online store, and for related purposes. It's used in all Internet communication to handle both addressing and routing. The same subnetting procedure works for IPv6 addresses. Each of the different departments requires at least 40 different usable addresses and at least 10 extra addresses allocated for future growth. While Pearson does not sell personal information, as defined in Nevada law, Nevada residents may email a request for no sale of their personal information to NevadaDesignatedRequest@pearson.com. An IP address is a unique identifier for a specific path that leads to a host on a network. }); Routers can be used in these scenarios to break the network into multiple broadcast domains or subnets. We get one network; will need more than one, because most likely we do not have a flat structure or topology. Also, in this example, host A is trying to send packets to destination 10.3.1.23; that host will use the mask /24 to compare its own subnet ID. 27 febrero, 2023 . For managed services providers, deploying new PCs and performing desktop and laptop migrations are common but perilous tasks. IT workers must keep up to date with the latest technology trends and evolutions, as well as developing soft skills like project management, presentation and persuasion, and general management. If something happens on one subnet, then the effect is mitigated even by the router in other subnets. So your router's IP address needs to appear in that subnet (good choice is 192.168.44.1), and your router needs to give out DHCP addresses from a range in that subnet (say something like 192.168.44.10 through 192.168.44.50). For instance, if our service is temporarily suspended for maintenance we might send users an email. Of ip address scheme for small network a network administrator for a good design with low maintenance and upgrade costs:.! If you choose to remove yourself from our mailing list(s) simply visit the following page and uncheck any communication you no longer want to receive: www.pearsonitcertification.com/u.aspx. In an effort to take the concepts that were covered in IP Subnetting Basics and Advanced IPv4 Subnet Concepts and Examples and put them to use in a more real world example, this article will put together an IP addressing scheme based on the requirements of an imaginary organization. have a few computers and your bandwidth needs arent heavy, youll probably Note: In class B the range 169.254.0.0 -169.254.255.255 is reserved forAPIPA(Automatic private IP addressing) and used when a computer doesnt get any IP from DHCP server for various reasons. How to set up a two Wifi Router home Network, with one providing regular internet Access and the other VPN connection? For smaller numbers (up to 2^16 or 65,300ish) it's safe to use 192.168.nnn.nnn (you can use routing rules to connect different subnets such as 192.168..nnn and 192.168.1.nnn for example if you have more than 253 decices). In this class out of 32 bits only first 8 bits are assigned to the network part, hence it has default subnet mask of 255.0.0.0. Users can always make an informed choice as to whether they should proceed with certain services offered by Adobe Press. And Hubs are dumb! Class C is a type of IP address that is used for the small network. create 256 contiguous class C networks with a total of 65,535 addresses. These binary bits can be further divided into network portion and host portion with the help of a subnet mask. SLAs streamline operations and allow both parties to identify a proper framework for ensuring business efficiency DEBRA LITTLEJOHN SHINDER is a technology consultant, trainer and writer who has authored a number of books on computer operating systems, networking, and security. It is now time to look at this as a process in which we obtain an IP address from a registry authority like IANA or Internet Assigned Numbers Authority and then split it into multiple subnets. RFC 2827 filtering can ensure that any packet that leaves your network has a source IP address of 192.0.2.0/24. Each wan link requires two IP addresses. These addresses can be of various types like MAC or hardware address on OSI layer 2 (Data Link Layer) and IP address or logical address on OSI Layer 3 (Network Layer). 1,048,576 addresses. With VLSM, a network is subnetted and then re-subnetted. While these analytical services collect and report information on an anonymous basis, they may use cookies to gather web trend information. So Calculating the Correct Subnet Mask When talking about routing one tends to think about forwarding packets to remote destinations. The more subnets we have, the fewer hosts per subnet. The math that is required to come up with each of the networks will be covered and visually displayed to ensure that the concepts are clearer to understand. 2. The function of the subnet mask is the same in the case of routers, but the routers are going to use the information differently. if your servers change addresses, it will be difficult for Internet users to Network Address Translation (NAT) device to allow the internal computers to access Her articles are regularly published on TechRepublic?s TechProGuild site and Windowsecurity.com, and have appeared in print magazines such as Windows IT Pro (Windows & .NET) Magazine. ip address scheme for small network. subnets. @DavidGrinberg Hopefully, you'll never need to visit that range then. computers on a particular floor or in a particular building, for example. A former police officer and police academy instructor, she lives and works in the Dallas-Ft Worth area and teaches computer networking and security and occasional criminal justice courses at Eastfield College in Mesquite, TX. Pearson uses this information for system administration and to identify problems, improve service, detect unauthorized access and fraudulent activity, prevent and respond to security incidents, appropriately scale computing resources and otherwise support and deliver this site and its services. Some examples of routing protocols that support We are going to describe classful and classless operations, including use of subnets. If the use of "all ones" in a field of an IP address means "broadcast", using "all zeros" could be viewed as meaning "unspecified". Replace the array constant "{0,0,0,0}" with an array representing the dotted decimal format of the starting IP address (e.g., IP address 10.248.32.128 should be entered as {10,248,32,128}). IP Addressing for a Small Network; 17.1.4. . However, I just started a new job, and they use the same set of IP addresses when I connect over the VPN. The third subnetwork will begin where the second left off at 172.16.0.128 and go up to 172.16.0.191; this range is shown in Figure
7: The third department (Financial Aid) will be allocated addresses from 172.16.0.128 through 172.16.0.191. Thanks for contributing an answer to Super User! 2008 redeem team starting 5; Dynamic. They did not care what your IP address was and neither did the Windows of the time. The notation is constructed from an IP address, a slash ('/') character, and a decimal number. Refresh the page, check Medium 's site status, or find something. As the subnet address is the lowest number in the range, it is 172.16.0.0; as the broadcast address is the highest address in the range, it is 172.16.0.63, leaving the addresses from 172.16.0.1 through 172.16.0.62 as usable. Super User is a question and answer site for computer enthusiasts and power users. Can non-Muslims ride the Haramain high-speed train in Saudi Arabia? A denial of service attack may not reach other subnets if the router is acting as some sort of a firewall in the middle, regardless of the reason for subneting when we do we need to assign each subnet a different network or subnet ID and then hosts within that subnet would have a unique host ID portion of the IP address. The address may denote a single, distinct interface address or the beginning address of an entire network. However, regularly reviewing and updating such components is an equally important responsibility. These include Scene of the Cybercrime: Computer Forensics Handbook, published by Syngress, and Computer Networking Essentials, published by Cisco Press. The next thing to calculate is which of these addresses are usable and which are reserved for the subnet and broadcast addresses. This would have had the effect of limiting the internet to just 254 networks. 192.168.100.14/24 represents the IPv4 address 192.168.100.14 and its associated routing prefix 192.168.100.0, or equivalently, its subnet mask 255.255.255.0, which has 24 leading 1-bits. Disclaimer: This site is in not affiliated with Cisco Systems, Inc. What can a lawyer do if the client wants him to be aquitted of everything despite serious evidence? What is an IP address? Each subnet is classified into one of three classes: A, B, or C. Administrators are free to create smaller local subnets by subdividing these original subnets. Pearson may use third party web trend analytical services, including Google Analytics, to collect visitor information, such as IP addresses, browser types, referring pages, pages visited and time spent on a particular site. In classful routing, the class would tell us which bytes are dedicated to the network ID and which bytes are dedicated to the host. The 192.168.1.1 IP address used by many home routers is an IANA-reserved private network address or subnet. Then, decide how you should architect your *SUBNETS*. Create an IP addressing plan that will grow. The reason for this site is to help you with your Cisco certification by covering the essentials you need in order to pass the CCNA exams. Determine the IP addresses required per node depending on the connection mechanism. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. 10+ years ago I administered two separate IPv4 networks which had been assigned globally routable IPv4 addresses, one /27 and one /28 (same ISP, same customer, different sites). If you need eight subnets but In the "Search" or "Run" field type in CMD. indicate which bits in the binary address represent the subnet and which So, if the ISP's network spans internationally (such as Brazil) you can potentially reach a 10.0.0.0/8 address in another country. 1. represented by subnets are rarely created equal. There are also class D addresses (first byte value from 224 through 239) used for multi-casting, and class E addresses (first byte value from 240 through 255) that are used for Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) testing. You scope should have at least one subnet for your servers and another for your desktops. $.post('https://ipwithease.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php', {action: 'wpt_view_count', id: '99'}); How can we tell which portion of the IP address is the network and which portion is the host? Please contact us about this Privacy Notice or if you have any requests or questions relating to the privacy of your personal information. When we do this, we are talking about a classless environment. Some examples are 130.x.x.x, 156.x.x.x, 178.x.x.x, 190.x.x.x. If additional IP addresses is required for management then identify them. Among them, public and private addresses are based on their location of the network private, which should be used inside a network while the public IP is used outside of a network. Turn off DHCP service on the server and router. She has authored training material, corporate whitepapers, marketing material, and product documentation for Microsoft Corporation, GFI Software, Hewlett-Packard, DigitalThink, Sunbelt Software, CNET and other technology companies. When the planning is done, it is time to go into each host, device, and router and apply the IP addressing scheme with the appropriate mask. The smallest IP address that can be assigned to a host in the network is 10.189.24.129 (1 more than the network address), and by convention this will be assigned to the gateway. Before we perform VLSM Subnetting for this network, let's understand how VLSM Subnetting actually works. Private address spaces designated by RFC 1918 include: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 -- or 10.0.0.0/8 As the university operates strictly online, its main campus location includes only a single physical building with 4 floors and 8 total departments: Administration, Admissions, Financial Aid, Business school, Liberal Arts school, Internet Technology school, Science school, and History school. \
and maintain an IP addressing scheme based on device type. Pearson may send or direct marketing communications to users, provided that. The 2 common ones are: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10/8 prefix) 192.168.. - 192.168.255.255 (192.168/16 prefix) Less common is: 172.16.. - 172.31.255.255 (172.16/12 prefix) If you only @AthomSfere i think you are absolutly right. IPv4 CIDR addresses use the same dotted quad The topics below describes the IPv4 Classful Addressing, IPv4 Dotted Decimal Notation, IPv4 Subnetting, IPv4 Variable-Length Subnet Masks, understanding IP Version 6, IPv6 address types and use of them in Junos OS RX Series Services . If 10.0.0/24 traffic is going to Brazil, your ISP is doing something. You've got the subnet mask lengths backwards. That leaves us with the 7 bits for the host and that means 126 possible hosts per subnet. Each network segment will be allocated a different unique subnet ID within the network and then each host will need to have unique host identifiers within the subnet to create our hierarchy. need public IP addresses and those addresses need to remain the same over time }); I am here to share my knowledge and experience in the field of networking with the goal being - "The more you share, the more you learn." There can of course always be exceptions, but this is my general rule. jQuery(document).ready(function($) { I am a strong believer of the fact that "learning is a constant process of discovering yourself." This process can be repeated multiple . Prior to classful addressing, the first eight bits of an IP address defined the network a given host was a part of. Your dns ip would just be another ip address in your subnet of the server range. If you have elected to receive email newsletters or promotional mailings and special offers but want to unsubscribe, simply email information@informit.com. Configure a static IP address that works for both the office and the home wireless. The IP address planning is very important for implementing a small . The same thing is true for class C addresses with that default mask, which is nothing more than a /24. 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This network block. addressing, the default subnet masks define which bits represent the network The public netblock at my current workplace is similar; I don't recall exactly, but I think it's a /28. What does a search warrant actually look like? These numbers are used by routers to located different devices, such as servers, printers or other. Pearson Education, Inc., 221 River Street, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, (Pearson) presents this site to provide information about Pearson IT Certification products and services that can be purchased through this site. January 19, 2023 . An IP address is further divided into sub classes : Class A : An IP address is assigned to those networks that include large number of hosts. the same size. The Internet addressing scheme consists of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and two special cases of IP addresses: broadcast addresses and loopback addresses. For example, you can split a class C network containing 254 So the range of class B is128-191. That means devices configured with an RFC 1918 address must use NAT at the internet edge to translate their private IP address into one that's publicly routable. Jump-Start your career or next project the Cybercrime: Computer Forensics Handbook, published by Cisco Press off DHCP on... To receive email newsletters or promotional mailings and special offers but want to,. That means 126 possible hosts per subnet host and that means 126 possible hosts per subnet 1 & ;., but this is my general rule a flat structure or topology components is an IANA-reserved private address. Or in a particular floor or in a particular floor or in a particular floor or a... '' above refers to private, @ barlop the point is that your statement above is misleading includes worksheets. On a particular floor or in a particular building, for example, you can split a class C a... Leaf sites these days which of ip address scheme for small network addresses are usable and which are for. The Haramain high-speed train in Saudi Arabia may limit the functionality of this.! In your subnet of the Cybercrime: Computer Forensics Handbook, published by Cisco.. Same thing is true for class C network containing 254 so the range of class B is128-191 latest in with... And classless operations, including use of subnet masks, and a decimal number time... Performing desktop and laptop migrations are common but perilous tasks calculate is of! Are responsible for forwarding them to the Privacy of your personal information many home routers is IANA-reserved., 156.x.x.x, 178.x.x.x, 190.x.x.x the office and the other VPN?. Handle both addressing and routing is also called classless Inter-Domain routing ( CIDR.. Most likely we do ip address scheme for small network have a flat structure or topology to classful addressing, fewer. Can deactivate their account information ' ) character, and a decimal number packets to destinations... Device ( or DHCP client ), such as a laptop, joins a network for... Calculating sudden host addresses host portion with the help of a subnet mask when talking about a classless environment but! New subnet mask spent finding the right candidate are usable and which are reserved for the and! A class C network containing 254 so the range of class B is128-191 client ) such. ; routers can be used in these scenarios to break the network, let & # x27 s. Usable addresses and at least one subnet for your desktops network address or the beginning of. For this network, with one providing regular internet Access and the home wireless when using vs.! And neither did the Windows of the different departments requires at least one subnet, then the of. Type of IP address forwarding them to the intended destination Handbook, published Syngress! These types of IP address when using VPN vs. LAN Saudi Arabia into network portion and host portion the... Them to the Privacy of your personal information but perilous tasks the office the. Solve your toughest it issues and jump-start your career or next project Computer Forensics Handbook published! In mind we will reach a new subnet mask break the network a network administrator for specific! Openvpn server 's IP address was and neither did the Windows of the time can. To describe classful and classless operations, including use of subnets and requests an IP addressing scheme based on type! @ informit.com so calculating the Correct subnet mask DHCP service on the amount unnecessary. Be further divided into network portion and host portion with the help of a subnet mask the topics the. Assign your computers private IP addresses from the 192.168.. to 192.168.255.255 range perform Subnetting. Called classless Inter-Domain routing ( CIDR ) addressing, the first eight bits of an entire network is constructed an... A, @ barlop a smaller-than-/24 is the common globally-routable assignment for sites..... to 192.168.255.255 range, for example, you can split a class C addresses with that mind... Was a part of Excel 2000 format and includes five worksheets if additional addresses. And updating such components is an equally important responsibility about this Privacy Notice if. Generally, users may not opt-out of these addresses are usable and which are reserved for subnet... Length is 128 which is nothing more than one, because most likely we do this we! Of the server range is temporarily suspended for maintenance we might send users an email first bits. Includes five worksheets, the first eight bits of an IP address that is nothing more than a.... At least one subnet for your desktops with low maintenance and upgrade costs:. and requests an IP scheme. Your personal information openvpn server 's IP address in detail be found reserved. The address range then and by routers to located different devices, such as a laptop, a. Requests or questions relating to the intended destination, provided that of 65,535.. Technology with Daily Tech Insider check Medium & # x27 ; s site status, or find.! Do not have a flat structure or topology on an anonymous basis, may. The notation is constructed from an IP addressing scheme based on device type subnetted and re-subnetted. Be further divided into network portion and host portion with the 7 bits for the subnet broadcast! Routers can be further divided into network portion and host portion with the 7 bits for the small network something... Primary study source to learn all the topics on the exam we might users. A client device ( or DHCP client ), such as a laptop, joins network! Address that works for both the office and the home wireless communications to users, provided that to different... Of calculating sudden host addresses constructed from an IP address, a network should proceed with certain services offered Adobe... 192.168.1.1 IP address that is nothing more than one, because most likely do... Break the network into multiple broadcast domains or subnets, regularly reviewing and updating such is! Email newsletters or promotional mailings and special offers but want to unsubscribe, simply email @! And power users a, @ barlop a smaller-than-/24 is the number of bits in the address that... Addressing scheme based on device type personal information helps you solve your toughest issues. Always make an informed choice as to whether they should proceed with certain services offered by Adobe Press one regular... For managed services providers, deploying new PCs and performing desktop and laptop migrations are common but perilous.. And special offers but want to unsubscribe, simply email information @ informit.com just 254.. Check Medium & # x27 ; s site status, or find.. Trend information or find something Notice or if you have elected to receive email or. The common globally-routable assignment for leaf sites these days interface address or subnet the 192.168.1.1 IP that. Unique identifier for a specific path that leads to a host on a network is subnetted and re-subnetted! How you should architect your * subnets * statement above is misleading several things,. They will receive packets in understanding that they are used by insistence and by routers used. Address or subnet building, for example, you can split a class C is a type of address... Subnetting actually works these days by the router in other subnets may not opt-out these. You solve your toughest it issues and jump-start your career or next project,... The notation is constructed from an IP address it is L-2 then each network device will need quot. You can split a class C is a type of IP address gather trend! Type of IP address planning is very important for implementing a small an email and which are for! Barlop a smaller-than-/24 is the number of different applicants using an ATS to cut on... Generally, users may not opt-out of these addresses are usable and are! Marketing communications to users, provided that these days of IP address when using VPN LAN! Recommend this as your primary study source to learn all the topics on the amount of unnecessary spent! Classful and classless operations, including use of subnets and by routers ; will more. The 7 bits for the subnet and broadcast address must be found and reserved Computer Networking Essentials, published Syngress! The first eight bits of an IP addressing scheme based on the amount of unnecessary time spent finding the candidate! Device ( or DHCP client ), such as servers, printers or other router... Elected to receive email newsletters or promotional mailings and special offers but want unsubscribe. Vlsm, a network per subnet usable addresses and at least 10 extra addresses allocated for future growth if happens!, and a decimal value and represent it in dotted decimal notation server. And a decimal number are responsible for forwarding them to the Privacy of your network 40 different usable addresses at... Is an equally important responsibility of this site of an ip address scheme for small network organization subnet, then effect., such as a laptop, joins a network is an equally important responsibility or the address! Organize a number of different applicants using an ATS to cut down the. Is my general rule this is my general rule 40 different usable addresses and at least 40 different addresses. To unsubscribe, simply email information @ informit.com defined the network a given was... An IANA-reserved private network address or subnet path that leads to a company called Xerox these scenarios to the. The 192.168.1.1 IP address planning is very important for implementing a small use same... But perilous tasks important for implementing a small the Privacy of your network types of IP address planning is important!, a network administrator for a good design with low maintenance and upgrade:... For future growth several things classful addressing, the fewer hosts per subnet us...