Alcohol in many forms had been an important part of the diet of Americans from the founding of the colonies onward. Other important politicians, including James Madison and Abraham Lincoln, favored repatriation rather than emancipation. \quad\text{Preferred Stock)}&& \$ 2.20\\ 14 A New Birth Of Freedom, Give Me Liberty Ch. Some were subject to the iron discipline of a single leader, while other operated in a democratic fashion. In many cases, within the Garrisonian movement in particular, the role of the black speaker or the black writer or the black abolitionist was, in some ways, prescribed, as the famous case of Frederick Douglass' relationship with the Garrisionians. For the most part, colonizationists accepted the idea of black inferiority. Finney also encouraged women to speak publicly in witness or testimony in these mixed-sex gatherings. Her body, her possessions (Except personal items), her children. Religious reformers preached that individuals were responsible to seek out their own salvation and hoped to regenerate and perfect society through individual conversions. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakening's basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. "In the history of the world," Ralph Waldo Emerson declared in 1841, "the doctrine of Reform had never such scope as at the present hour." Not much a joiner of causes himself, Emerson had in mind a remarkable flowering of reform movements from roughly 1815 until the Civil War that were striking to observers at the time and to historians ever since for their energy, variety, and . It was characterized by the rise of abolition and the gradual polarization of the . \quad\text{Total Revenues}&& \$16,120,000\\ These institutions differed in many aspects, but shared with communitarians and religious believers in "perfectionism.". The movements shared a common support base: many abolitionists supported or were active in the womens rights movement, or vice versa. Historian James Sidbury has argued that Vesey and his conspirators sought to build their liberation movement through their access to books and their skill in interpreting them. The most important of these texts by far was the Bible; Vesey and church leaders argued that the Bible did not sanction slavery or command obedience from slaves. In 1823, Smith recounted that an angel named Moroni had visited him. \text{Prepayments}& 200,000 &200,000\\ Women joined and actively participated in abolitionist organizations such as the Anti-Slavery Society; they sponsored events such as the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women. Further reproduction prohibited without . We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The amendment was passed after years of efforts by temperance societies throughout the country. In 1821, the ACS helped to establish the colony of Liberia on the west coast of Africa and assisted some 13,000 slaves and free blacks to emigrate to the colony. 2 One reform in particular that has shaped human rights and rehabilitation is the Prison and Asylum Reforms of the 1830s. \textbf{Shareholders Equity}\\ \quad\text{Total Property, Plant, and Equipment}& \$10,000,000 &\$ 9,400,000\\ \text{Patent}& \$ 750,000 &\$ 875,000\\ \text{Gain on Sale of Machinery and Equipment}&& 200,000\\ In either case, they often heard the same sermons, sang the same songs, and received the same message. \text{LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY}\\ Early nineteenth-century America was a time of reform. While many women spoke out against alcohol, many in the movement perceived women and children as the chief victims of alcohol consumption, as their husbands and sons suffered from alcohols effects, spent the familys money on alcohol, spent their time in bars and saloons rather than in the family home, and sometimes became violent when drunk. Moreover, cultural, social, and political tensions arose between the foreign American population and the local population in Liberia. The Antebellum Period in American history is generally considered to be the period before the Civil War and after the War of 1812, although some historians expand it to all the years from the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 to the beginning of the Civil War. - many colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and racism were so deeply embedded in American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed. The Church of Later-Day Saints proved to be a lasting and successful alternative vision to the Second Great Awakening of antebellum America. The plot was foiled when word of the conspirators plans were leaked; Vesey and thirty-four others were hanged, and thirty-seven more were exiled from the city as a result. Antebellum Reforms: A Women's Rights Movement. Many people, accustomed to thinking of salvation as being determined by God alone, found the possibility of playing an active role in determining their religious fate exhilarating. Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. While not all Americans were active in the various reform movements, taken together, the reform impulse was a powerful force that characterizes the antebellum era. The struggle to end slavery has a long history both globally and in the United States; indeed, the struggle to end slavery emerged at roughly the same time as slavery itself. Although black and white abolitionists worked closely together in the movement and usually worked well together, African Americans experienced racial prejudice even within the abolitionist movement. Also, become productive, self-disciplined citizens. He planned his revivals in great detail as a kind of popular spectacle as well as an event that inspired religious reform. Preachers of the revival movement preached the equality of all before God but generally did not challenge the institution of slavery in much of the South. Horrified, she worked to publicize the conditions of the jail and gain public support for its improvement. - women at this time were fighting to show that they are just as good as men. Do not delete this text first. Many of the congregants were literate, including Vesey himself. d. 12.0012.0012.00 k. Give the journal entry that explains the change in the treasury shares during 2013, Chicago Corporation \text{Cash}& \$ 100,000 &\$ 200,000\\ One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Eventually, however, he was captured, tried, and executed. Antebellum Reform Imagination A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the American Studies Program The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Robert Kent Nelson 2006. (Problem 10), ASSETSCurrentAssetsCash$100,000$200,000CertificateofDeposit225,000AccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectiblesof$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013)600,000500,000MerchandiseInventory1,800,0001,500,000Prepayments200,000200,000TotalCurrentAssets$2,925,000$2,400,000InvestmentsChicagoFinanceCorporation(40%Owned)$4,000,000$2,200,000RosenwaldCompany(50%Owned)1,025,000900,000HutchinsonCompany(25%Owned)175,000100,000TotalInvestments$5,200,000$3,200,000Property,Plant,andEquipmentLand$500,000$400,000Building4,000,0004,000,000MachineryandEquipment8,000,0007,300,000PropertyRightsAcquiredUnderLease1,500,0001,500,000Total$14,000,000$13,200,000LessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortization(4,000,000)(3,800,000)TotalProperty,Plant,andEquipment$10,000,000$9,400,000Intangibles(atNetCarryingValue)Patent$750,000$875,000Goodwill1,125,0001,125,000TotalIntangibles$1,875,000$2,000,000TotalAssets$20,000,000$17,000,000LIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable$550,000$400,000AdvancesfromCustomers640,000660,000SalariesPayable300,000240,000IncomeTaxesPayable430,000300,000RentReceivedinAdvance50,000OtherCurrentLiabilities460,000200,000TotalCurrentLiabilities$2,430,000$1,800,000Long-TermDebtBondsPayable$3,648,000$3,600,000EquipmentMortgageIndebtedness332,0001,300,000CapitalizedLeaseObligation1,020,0001,100,000TotalLong-TermDebt$5,000,000$6,000,000DeferredTaxLiability$1,570,000$1,400,000ShareholdersEquityConvertiblePreferredStock$2,000,000$2,000,000CommonStock2,000,0002,000,000AdditionalPaid-InCapital3,000,0002,400,000RetainedEarnings5,000,0002,800,000Total$12,000,000$9,200,000LessCostofTreasuryShares(1,000,000)(1,400,000)TotalShareholdersEquity$11,000,000$7,800,000TotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity$20,000,000$17,000,000\begin{array}{lrr} So they want to stay in the United States. The Anti-Slavery Society was home to white and black abolitionists. Additional information is as follows: The supporters and opponents of temperance understood the meaning of freedom differently because they believed that banning of alcoholic beverages would eliminate a number of problems in the U.S. Also, the opportunity to increase to compete for economic gain and individual self-improvement. Consider the following sample data. The years after the War of 1812 brought a re-examination of American religious beliefs and their roles in society. The Burned-Over District was not only the site of revivals of the Protestant denominations of the Second Great Awakening, but also the birthplace of new religious movements such as the Millerites, a millennial group who preached that the Second Advent (or second coming) of Jesus was imminent. Reform Movements of the 19th Century. By helping others, they asserted their worth while at the same time alleviating social ills. In 1822, Charleston was home to a large African Methodist Episcopal congregation, as well as large numbers of Methodist and Baptist African American congregations. The result was the creation of penitentiaries, which sought to transform criminals into law abiding citizens through hard work, religious instruction, and isolation from the corruption of social vices. "Neither a Slave nor a King" intervenes in the scholarly debate over the "antislavery origins" of the sectional crisis in antebellum America - how the rise of a northern antislavery movement escalated the sectional tensions that led to southern secession and the Civil War. The most successful denominations of the Second Great Awakening were the Methodist and Baptist churches. Reformers' definition of the free individual was the person who internalized the practice of self-control. Many women had greater freedom of expression in the church, but far fewer were granted leadership roles and authority. The rebellion was quelled by a local militia, who killed or captured many of the insurrectionists. \text{REVENUES}\\ KEY TERMS: 1. The Second Great Awakening manifested itself somewhat differently regionally. Antebellum Reform Americans after 1815 embraced many religios and social movements in pursuit of solutions for the problems, evils, and misfortunes of mankind. The Second Great Awakening and the movement in religious revival in the United States had a profound impact on the United States. \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ \textbf{Intangibles (at Net Carrying Value)}\\ One of the most widespread of the reform movements in the 1820s-1840s was the temperance movement, which called for reducing the use of (or abstaining from) alcoholic beverages. Gabriel, a blacksmith, was often leased out to work for others; in this more relaxed system, he was able to move more freely and recruit conspirators, a pattern that was only enhanced by the summers revival meetings. For the next eight years, Mott and Stanton worked to build support for such an organization. In the South, the movement became more conservative over time, and generally supported the system of slavery. The Unitarian church shared the optimism of the Second Great Awakening. In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. \text{Chicago Finance Corporation (40\\\% Owned)}& \$ 4,000,000 &\$ 2,200,000\\ - militant abolitionism where a new generation of reformers rejected the traditional approach of gradual emancipation and demanded immediate abolition. The era of reform was born in part from religious reformation: the charge to seek perfection, live a righteous life, and to help redeem sinners spread beyond church and camp meeting. \text{EXPENSES}\\ In asylums they receive temporary care and attention. In some instances, whites and blacks had separate, adjacent meetings; in others, they attended the same camp meeting, but slaves were in segregated seating. \text{Less Cost of Treasury Shares}& (1,000,000) &(1,400,000)\\ Nevertheless, the American Colonization Society (ACS) emerged as the main voice of colonizationists in the United States. Through these moral reform societies, churches hoped to change society by putting individuals on the path to righteousness. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakenings basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. There were still moments and events that made many Americans think that there was a lot of value in slavery in terms of free labor. This is especially true of the Baptist church; independent black congregations were founded all over the South. a. According to many antebellum reformers, intemperance (drunkenness) stood as the most troubling problem in the United States, one that eroded morality, Christianity, and played a starring role in corrupting American democracy. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. A man could divorce his wife should she commit adultery but a woman could not divorce her husband on grounds of adultery. For the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited. The Mayflower carried barrels upon barrels of beer for its passengers. Evangelism found its greatest influence and the greatest number of converts in a movement of religious revivals in the United States: The Second Great Awakening. Transatlantic cooperation galvanized efforts to reform individuals' and societies' relationships to alcohol, labor, religion, education, commerce, and land ownership. Two of the leading figures of the womens rights movement met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. Book: United States History to 1877 (Locks et al. In particular, English abolitionists were outspoken and powerful in effecting change in the British global empire. Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio became the first co-educational institution when it admitted four women in 1837. Margaret Fuller - wrote, had the same right to develop their talents, to "growto live freely and unimpeded.". Mobs disrupted abolitionist meetings in northern cities. As the movement progressed throughout the South, the many preachers used Biblical passages to support and bolster the institution of slavery and the role of white man as patriarch in model of the Old Testament: master to slaves, women, and children alike. The ideals of the Second Great Awakening played a large role in the development of this reformist impulse. Indeed, many slave owners feared the message of spiritual equality, so they kept the evangelists out. As a characteristic of the black community (free and slave) of Richmond during the period, evangelical Christianity was one part of Gabriels message of freedom. Early nineteenth-century, most children were educated in locally supported schools and many had no access to learning at all. \quad\text{Chicago Finance Corporation}& \$1,800,000\\ By the 1790s, these two churches were gaining great popularity in the United States. Book: United States History to 1877 (Locks et al. \quad\text{Total}& \$12,000,000 &\$ 9,200,000\\ The convention ended with the issue of the Declaration of Sentiments, a document that largely paralleled the Declaration of Independence, and leveled a series of charges against the patriarchy of the United States that had been the source of the oppression of women. In New England, the movements call to seek perfection in oneself and the world inspired a wave of social activism, including reform movements in abolition, temperance movements, womens rights, and education. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. The majority of the members of the Society favored including women in the governing structure of the organization; the more conservative members broke away from the Anti-Slave Society to form the American and Foreign Anti-Slave Society, which excluded women. There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. \text{Property Rights Acquired Under Lease}&1,500,000 &1,500,000\\ A decade later, Nat Turner used the message of the Second Great Awakening to help incite one of the largest slave rebellions in United States history. What might the cost be in dollars? The Unitarian church was most popular in New England and was centered in Boston. Far more women than men were converted during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening. Dr. William Ellery Channing, one of the leading preachers and theologians of the Unitarian Church, preached on the great potential of humans. Veseys conspiracy showed that religion could be used as a weapon against slavery. By the end of the meeting, a plan emerged to march on the city of Richmond on August 30, 1800, seizing the capitol and capturing the governor. This movement, called the Restoration Movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia. The book reports that there, Jesus visited the Nephites after his crucifixion and resurrection. Evangelical sects emphasized the resurrection of Christ, the primacy of scripture, the spiritual rebirth of believers, and the importance of proselytizing. Old patterns were breaking down, and many felt that the country had become a moral vacuum. Urbanization and immigration also provided a new concentration of the poor. The Society grew quickly and soon had spread across the country. William Miller, a Baptist convert and editor of the Advent Herald, preached that October 22, 1844 would be the date of the Second Coming, basing his predictions on Biblical prophecy. Additionally, some of the conspirators were recruited at the Hungary Baptist Meeting House, the church Gabriel and his brothers attended. Determined to make abolitionism a political movement, the seceders formed the Liberty Party, which nominated James G. Birney as its candidate for president. \text{Interest Expense} &&455,000\\ However, there were limits to spiritual equality; although all were spiritually equal in the eyes of God, for many believers, African Americans and women were still inferior to white men in all other ways. \text{Sales}&& \$13,920,000\\ The earliest womens colleges were founded in the 1830s: the Georgia Female College in Macon, Georgia (now Wesleyan College), founded in 1836, and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley, Massachusetts (Now Mount Holyoke College), founded in 1837. A Pew Research Center survey asked respondents if they would rather live in a place with a slower pace of life or a place with a faster pace of life. Mann and others charged public schools with teaching not only academic subjects, but also morality and discipline. \text{Bad Debt Expense} &&120,000\\ Young female teachers staffed many of the schools. 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Women played a large role in education reform. Harriet Beacher Stowe's novel was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson. Beginning in the 1820s, reformers sought to combat the ignorance, vice, and ills of society through the public education of the nations youth. During this same period, debtors prisons began to disappear as reformers advocated reforming the poor rather than imprisoning them. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. In the north, the movement reached its zenith in the Burned-Over District of Charles Finney. In later years, the Society provided the founding impetus to the Liberty Party, a political party with an abolitionist platform. For some women, church membership and the new Christian message offered more personal power and greater personal freedom, as becoming active in the church was considered to be acceptable feminine conduct. Abolitionists differed in their ideas about how to effectively bring about the end of slavery. For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. \text{General Corporate Expenses} &&420,000\\ The Grimk sisters, Sarah and Angelina, spoke out against the system of slavery in many forums. In the 1800's a woman 'Belonged' to a man on marriage. In 1833, Garrison was among the group that founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. Named after Thomas More's sixteenth-century novel Utopia, an outline of a perfect society. In 1836, when abolitionists began to flood Washington with petitions calling for emancipation in the nation's capital, the House of Representatives adopted the notorious "gag rule," which prohibited their consideration. But Transcendentalism had many more participants whose interests ranged across the spectrum of antebellum reform. Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave, was a key leader of this society who often spoke at its meetings. In many ways, the organized womens rights movement grew out of abolitionist organizations and the movement of the early 1800s. 13 A House Divided - Revi, EOAC 1700 Conflict Management & Resolution, EOAC 1600 EO Complaint Process & Interview Sk, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. Slower They were inspired in part by the success of British abolitionists. \text{Capitalized Lease Obligation}& 1,020,000& 1,100,000\\ The new Protestant denominations, most prominently the Baptists and Methodists, grew in strength and numbers. The colonizationist scheme of the early 1800s proved to be popular among black abolitionists. TEMPERANCE. Consolidated Balance Sheets Garrison was militant in his call for immediate and complete emancipation as a moral imperative. Many of his followers sold their worldly goods and gathered either in churches or in fields to await the arrival of Jesus. Give Me Liberty! ) Gabriels Rebellion of 1800 grew in part out of a series of revival meetings in the area of Richmond, Virginia. In numerous ways, the organized womens rights movement grew out of abolitionist organizations and the movement of the early 1800s. The early nineteenth century was a time of great reform in the United States. This led to a women's movement that would run side by side with the abolition movement for equal rights among all people that live in the United States. It's was the best answer at the time for white Americans. \quad\text{Total Expenses}&& \$11,720,000\\ The market revolution had changed American society in many ways. REVENUESSalesGainonSaleofMachineryandEquipmentEquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporationRosenwaldCompanyHutchinsonCompanyTotalRevenuesEXPENSESCostofGoodsSoldEmployeePayrollExpenseDepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRightsBadDebtExpenseInterestExpenseGeneralCorporateExpensesIncomeTaxesCurrentIncomeTaxesDeferredTotalExpensesNetIncomeLess:DividendsonPreferredSharesDividendsonCommonSharesIncreaseinRetainedEarningsRetainedEarnings,December31,2012RetainedEarnings,December31,2013BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$1,800,000125,00075,000$13,920,000200,0002,000,000$16,120,000$5,000,0003,000,0001,000,000AmortizationofPatent120,000455,000420,0001,430,000170,000$11,720,000$4,400,000(120,000)(2,080,000)$2,200,0002,800,000$5,000,000$2.68$2.20125,000, Chicago Corporation Worked to publicize the conditions of the Second Great Awakening and the local in... Through individual conversions House, the primacy of scripture, the church Gabriel his... Oberlin College in oberlin, Ohio became the first co-educational institution when it admitted four women in 1837 role the... Years, the Convention refused to seat the American Anti-Slavery society { Bad Expense..., while other operated in a democratic fashion with teaching not only academic subjects but. They are just as good as men and was centered in Boston rebellion was quelled by local! Main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia, many slave owners feared message. Anti-Slavery Convention in London could divorce his wife should she commit adultery but a woman could divorce., favored repatriation rather than emancipation by temperance societies throughout the country become. Colonies onward the idea of black inferiority turmoil and the local population in Liberia societies the... Novel was to some extent modeled on the United States History to 1877 ( Locks al! 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More 's sixteenth-century novel Utopia, an outline of a series of revival meetings in the United.... For such an organization were fighting to show to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope they are just as good as men as an that! Expression in the church, preached on the path to righteousness iron discipline of a series of revival meetings the... American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed equality if freed reform,... Good as men through these moral reform societies, churches hoped to change by. Internal turmoil and the gradual polarization of the womens rights movement, the...